Lamp foe



S. J. GOLD.

- Chemical Oil Burner.

Patented July 16, 1841.Y

N. PETERS. PimlwLithvgraphr, wmingmn. D. C.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

STEPHEN J. GOLD, OF CORNWALL, CONNECTICUT.

LAMP FOR BURNING CAMPHENE, .850.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 2,168, dated July 16, 1841.

To all roh-0m t may concern:

Be it known that I, STEPHEN J. GoLD, of Cornwall, in the county ofLitchfield and State of Connecticut, have invented new and usefulImprovements in Argand Burners for Burning Camphene or other ChemicalOil,

It is Well known, that if the ordinary Argand burner, for camphene, isput in such order as to burn the proper lia-me, the burner will becomehighly heated. This high temperature will cause rosin to be collected onthe burner, by causing the ascent or flow of more oil than can beconsumed. It will also frequently make smoke, which will be condensedinto lamp-black in the room, and when the flame is enlarged with smokethe button will be rapidly destroyed by oxidation and in no other casewill the button be injured.

My improvement consists in such a construction as will keep the burnercool and maintain a pro-per and uniform supply of oil for combustion;also in the construction of the fixtures for increasing and diminishingthe light with greater precision. Also in the particular construction ofthe wick tubes in reference to wicking and trimming the lamp; and lastlyin the application of a preservative cap to the burner to keep the oilpure and wick clean, when not in use. Such being the nature of myimproved burner I will now give a full and exact description of itsconstruction and operation, reference being had to the annexed drawings,makingpart of this specification, in which- Figure l is a perspectiveview, Fig. 2 a vertical section, Fig. 3 the glass holder and cone forthe exterior draft, and Fig. 4 the preservative cap.

Construct as follows: Make two cylinders of sheet brass or othersuitable metallic substance, the length of one of the cylinders beingabout four and a half inches, the di.. ameter outside three-fourths ofan inch; this being the inner cylinder and air tube of the burner,(letter e.) The other cylinder is live and a half inches long and oneand o-nesixteenth of an inch in diameter inside, this being the outercylinder of the burner (letter u). Upon the lower end of the smallestcylinder is made a rim, letter which is made fast to the inner side ofthe large cylinder, one inch and one-sixteenth above the lower end ofit, forming a base upon which the wick tubes (hereafter to be described)will stand. Upon the exterior cylinder u, is placed a conical air tube(letter d) attached to the glass holder letter 170,) resting on a beadabout one inch from the top, of cylinder' u. The upper end of the coned, is about one and one-fourth inches diameter inside, the lower endabout two inches diameter, where it is connected with an extended basem, for a glass holder, with arms reaching inward to a collar, which isft-ted to the exterior cylinder` a, and rests on the bead or shoulder(see Fig. 3,) so that the top of the cone (Z will project aboutseven-eighths of an inch above the top of the cylinder u. Over thecenter of the burner is the ordinary button (letter a), the diameter ofwhich is about equal to the inside diameter of cylinder u. This buttonis to direct and regulate the inner draft of air, and control thecombustion of the oil by its being raised or depressed. This button issupported by the rod, (letter c) extending down through the centercylinder o, and rest-ing on a point as seen in Fig. 2. This ro-d is keptto its place by small bars across cylinder t (see letter r). These bars,r, are thin, but of sufficient depth to give them strength, thin thatthey may not obstruct the draft. As it is absolutely necessary that thebutton, a, be placed and kept over the center' of the burner, Iaccomplish this more perfectly and easily, as well as substantially, bynot having it revolve while it is raised and lowered by application ofscrew power. To effect this I construct the cyindrical cup (letter f,see Figs. l and 2) about two inches high, fitting so as to revolveeasily around the cylinder, u. In this cylinder f, is a narrow cut orgroove (letter s) of such inclination, that by revolving the cylinder j,on the pin 20, which is fastened in cylinder u, the rod and buttonresting on the bottom of the cylindrical cup f, as seen in Fig. 2, maybe raised or lowered, as more or less flame is required, the rod 0,being kept down upon the bot-tom of the cup f, by the spiral spring S,which is att-ached to the rod and rests against the cross bar r. Belowthe bottom of the cylinders u, and fz), in the cylinder f, are theopenings, (letter z',) for the admission of air through the cyl- IOOinder o, to the wick (see Figs. l and 2.) The wick tubes (letters c, and71,) are made as follows: The best, metal of which to construct thesewick tubes, is tin, iron which should be very thin particularly for thepost which is above the cylinders u, and o, the object being to havethem so thin, that their conducting power may be overcome by the passageof the air over them.; and to prevent these wick tubes from yielding onaccount of being` so lightly made they are supported effectually withinthe cylinders a, and e. The tube a, is therefore made to fit properly tothe cylinder u, and the tube c, to the cylinder' e', (see Fig. 2,) sothat they will be kept to their places, and yet so that they may beeasily inserted or removed. The tube a, projects one-sixteenth of aninch and the tube e, one-eighth of an inch above the top of the cone,(Z, (see Figs. l and 2.) The oil is admitted into the burner at the hole0, when the burner is used for a side lamp and differently for differentlamps as may be necessary. This burner should be wicked and trimmed, asfollows: Using the ordinary cylindrical wick, first, insertinto theexterior wick tube u, the wick, then slip the inner wick tube c, throughthe wick, the lower end of the wick and wick tubes, being even; theupper end of the inner tube e, projecting one-sixteenth of an inch, willbe the gage, to which the wick must be cut even, the wick tube a,keeping the wick in its place. The difference in the length of thetubes, will show the length of the wick, exposed to the flame. The wicktubes now confining and protecting the wick, are insei-ted together intothe burner. Put the button on the rod. The glass, only, is now wantingas a chimney, to effect the complete combustion of the oil. The glassshould be about ten or eleven inches high, fitting the glass holder m,at the bottom, and about 195 inches in diameter at the top. Holding theglass in the hand, now light the lamp, and immediately put the glass inits place. To increase the iiame raise the button, to diminish the flamelower the button.

The effect of the above construction will be as follows. The action ofthe exterior and interior currents of air upon the eX- posed upper partsof these thin metallic wick tubes overcoming their conducting power,will keep them and t-he wick cool; therefore as the heat cannot beconducted down to the heavy metallic part of the burner, on account ofthe upper construction of the wick tubes, the wick which is in them willnot be so heated as to accelerate the flow of oil, consequently theflame of the lamp will be increased or diminished only as the button israised or depressed. The lamp may therefore be left to burn a full andbeautiful flame till the oil is eX- hausted, without any tendency tosmoke. .If

there is a forced and over supply of oil for combustion as when theburner is highly heated, the resinous part of the oil will rapidlycollect on the metal near the flame, instead of being consumed as itcomesup. Therefore the above construction of the wick tubes, which intheir combination keep the burner and the metal adjacent to the {iamecool, preventing the too rapid flow of the oil to the top of the wick,will preventy this collection of rosin, which frequently takes fire andcauses smoke, in ad dition to making the burner foul.

To trim the lamp after being burned, first remove the glass button andcone f. Then draw out the wick tubes with the wick, raise the inner wicktube and wick sufficiently so that the soiled part of the wick may beout off, when the tube e, is pressed back to its place the wick beingkept up by the greater friction of the outer tube n. These tubesenveloping the wick and pressing it slightly, will prevent the drippingwhile being trimmed, and keep the wick vfrom getting uneven when againput back into it-s Place in the burner, all tending to the more perfectand acceptable operation of the lamp when lighted.

To be applied to the above described burner, I construct what I call apreservative cap, (see Fig. 4,) made of tin or other suitable materialas follows. About one and one half inch high, slightly conical closed atthe small or upper end and of proper size at the larger end to fit overthe exterior cylinder u, closely, the size of the upper end of the capbeing sufliciently large not to interfere with the button. This cap Iapply when the lamp has oil in it, and is not burning. It is well knownthat camphene or oil of turpentine evaporates rapidly when ex- 'lposedin the open air-producing many evils, the principal of which is rosin inthe wick and about the burner, which arises from the oils becominginspissated by evaporation and unfit for use. This close cap preventssuch effects, keeping the oil pure, and also the wick clear from dust,so that the lamp may stand trimmed for a long time and no evil results.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patentinthe above described improved lamp, is,

1. The mode of compressing the wick by means of two thin movablemetallic cylindrical tubes, combined with the wick case, as herein setforth; the two cylinders, or wick tubes, with the wick compressedbetween them being inserted into the annular space between the twocylinders of the wick case, with a portion of said wick tubes eX-tending above the wick case, to allow of their being kept cool by thedraft, all as herein set forth.

2. I claim in combination with the outer cylinder of the burner and the'rod supportthe action of a spring, as set forth; the ing the button, amovable cylinder or screw, Whole being constructed and operatingsubdisconnected from the rod but having a lootstantially as described.

tom plate which7 When the cylinder is STEPHEN J. GOLD. turned up,presses against the rod and elel/Vitnesses:

vates it, and allowing it when turned down, Trios. P. JONES,

to return either by its own Weight, or by CHRISTOPHER MORGAN.

